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Subscribe to Clinics in PerinatologyReferences
Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6301a9.htm accessed May 19, 2021.
- Healthy people 2010: overview.2011 (Available at:) (Accessed September 19, 2020)
Available at: www.marchofdimes.org/peristats/tools/reportcard.aspx Accessed May 19, 2021
- Births: final data for 2013.Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2015; 64 (Division of vital statistics): 1-65
- American health improvement depends upon addressing class disparities.Prev Med. 2016; 92: 6-15
- Layers of inequity: power, policy and health.Am J Public Health. 2014; 104: S8-S10
- Why does racial inequity in health persist.J Perinatol. 2021; 41: 346-450
- Mapping police violence.2020 (Available at:) (Accessed May 19, 2021)
- States with more killings of unarmed black people have larger black-white preterm birth disparities.J Perinatol. 2021; 41: 358-359
- Differing birth weights among infants of U.S.-born blacks, African-born blacks, and U.S.-born whites.N Engl J Med. 1997; 337: 1209-1214
- The enigma of maternal race and infant birth weight: a population-based study of U.S.-born black and Caribbean-born black women.Am J Epidemiol. 2000; 151: 1080-1085
- Differing intergenerational birth weights among the descendants of U.S.-born and foreign-born whites and African-Americans in Illinois.Am J Epidemiol. 2002; 155: 210-216
- Women’s lifelong exposure to neighborhood poverty and low birth weight: a population-based study.Matern Child Health J. 2009; 13: 326-333
- Neighborhood gun violence and birth outcomes in Chicago.Matern Child Health J. 2019; 23: 1251-1259
- Mortgage discrimination and preterm birth among African American women: an exploratory study.Health Place. 2019; 59: 102193
- Structural racism, historical redlining, and risk of preterm birth in New York city, 2013-2017.Am J Public Health. 2020; 110: 1046-1053
- The relationship of neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics to birthweight among 5 ethnic groups in California.Am J Public Health. 2001; 91: 1808-1814
- Transgenerational effect of neighborhood poverty on low birth weight among African Americans in Cook County, Illinois.Am J Epidemiol. 2009; 169: 712-717
- Affluent-Born White Mother’s descending neighborhood income and infant mortality: a population-based study.Matern Child Health J. 2018; 22: 1484-1491
- Violent crime exposure classification and adverse birth outcomes: a geographically-defined cohort study.Int J Health Geogr. 2006; 5: 22
- African-American women’s upward economic mobility and preterm birth: the effect of fetal programming.Am J Public Health. 2011; 101: 714-719
- African-American women’s upward economic mobility and small for gestational age births: a population-based study.Matern Child Health J. 2018; 22: 1183-1189
- Very low birthweight in African American infants: the role of maternal exposure to interpersonal racial discrimination.Am J Public Health. 2004; 94: 2132-2138
- Racism in the form of micro aggressions and the risk of preterm birth among black women.Ann Epidemiol. 2016; 26: 7-13
- Worry about racial discrimination: a missing piece of the puzzle of Black-White disparities in preterm birth?.PLoS One. 2017; 12: e0186151
- African-American women’s exposure to interpersonal racial discrimination in public settings and preterm birth: the effect of coping mechanisms.Ethn Dis. 2011; 21: 370-375
- Stress model for research into preterm delivery among black women.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005; 192: S47-S55
- Psychosocial stress increases inflammatory markers and alters cytokine production across pregnancy.Brain Behav Immun. 2007; 21: 343-350
- Understanding racial disparities in preterm birth through the placenta.Clin Ther. 2021; 43: 287-296
- The worldwide incidence of preterm birth: a systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity.Bull World Health Organ. 2010; 88: 31-38
- Class – the ignored determinant of the nation’s health.N Engl J Med. 2004; 351: 1137-1142
- Socioeconomic disparities in health in the United States: what the patterns tell us.Am J Public Health. 2010; 100: S186-S196
- Job control, substantive complexity, and risk for low birth weight and preterm delivery: an analysis from a state birth registry.Am J Indust Med. 2007; 50: 664-675
- Downward economic mobility and preterm birth: an exploratory study of Chicago-born upper class white mothers.Matern Child Health J. 2015; 19: 1601-1607
- Deconstructing a disparity: Explaining excess preterm birth among U.S.-born black women.Ann Epidemiol. 2018; 28: 225-230
- Black males left behind.The Urban Institute Press, Washington, DC2006
- The survival African-American family: the institutional impact of U.S. social policy.Praeger, Connecticut2003
- Uneven justice: states rates of incarceration by race and ethnicity. The sentencing project, research and advocacy for reform. The Sentencing Project, Washington, DC2007
- Father’s education: an independent marker of risk for preterm birth.Matern Child Health J. 2011; 15: 60-67
- Paternal lifelong socioeconomic position and low birth weight rates: relevance to the African-American women’s birth outcome disadvantage.Matern Child Health J. 2016; 20: 1759-1766
- Father’s lifetime socioeconomic status, small for gestational age, and infant mortality: a population-based study.Ethn Dis. 2019; 29: 9-16
- Early and late preterm birth rates among US-Born urban women: the effect of men's lifelong class status.Matern Child Health J. 2019; 23: 1621-1626
- Excess early (< 34 Weeks) preterm rates among non-acknowledged and acknowledged low socioeconomic position fathers: the role of women's selected pregnancy-related risk factors.Matern Child Health J. 2020; 24: 612-619
- The excess preterm birth rate among US-born (compared to foreign-born) black women: the role of father’s education.Matern Child Health J. 2021; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-03117-9
Available at: https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm Accessed May 19, 2021.
- Economic inequality, working-class power, social capital, and cause-specific mortality in wealthy countries.Int J Health Serv. 2002; 32: 629-656
- Social spending to improve population health — does the United States spend as wisely as other countries?.N Engl J Med. 2020; 382: 885-887
- Health disparities by race and class: why both matter.Health Aff. 2005; 24: 343-352
- Inequity at birth and population health. Inequity at birth and population health.Arch Dis Child. 2019; 104: 929-930
- Defying dixie: the radical roots of civil rights, 1919-1950.W.W. Norton & Co, New York2008
- The sum of us: what racism costs everyone and how we can prosper together.Penguin Random House, New York2021
- How to be and antiracist.One World Publishers, New York2019