Keywords
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.
Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Clinics in PerinatologyReferences
ProCon.org. 22 legal medical marijuana states and dc: laws, fees, and possession limits - I Summary chart. Available at: http://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000881. Accessed May 30, 2014.
ProCon.org. 4 states with pending legislation to legalize medical marijuana (as of May 29, 2014). Available at: http://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=002481. Accessed May 30, 2014.
- Monitoring the future national survey results on drug use: 1975-2013: overview, key findings on adolescent drug use.Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (MI)2014
- Results from the 2012 national survey on drug use and health: summary of national findings, NSDUH series H-46, HHS publication no. (SMA) 13-4798.US Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse And Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Rockville (MD)2013
- The NSDUH report: substance use among women during pregnancy and following childbirth.Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Rockville (MD)2009
- Characteristics of pregnant illicit drug users and associations between cannabis use and perinatal outcome in a population-based study.Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010; 109: 243-247
- Medical marijuana: the conflict between scientific evidence and political ideology part one of two.J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2009; 23: 120-140
- Medical marijuana laws in 50 states: investigating the relationship between state legalization of medical marijuana and marijuana use, abuse and dependence.Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012; 120: 22-27
- Marijuana liberalization policies: why we can’t learn much from policy still in motion.J Policy Anal Manage. 2014; 33: 212-221
- Medical marijuana laws and teen marijuana use.(IZA discussion papers, no 6592 [rev]) Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn (Germany)2012
- The effects of medical marijuana laws on potency.Int J Drug Policy. 2014; 25: 308-319
- Prevalence and perceived financial costs of marijuana versus tobacco use among urban low-income pregnant women.J Addict Res Ther. 2013; 3: 1-12
- Cannabis potency and contamination: a review of the literature.Addiction. 2008; 103: 1100-1109
- Is today’s marijuana more potent simply because it’s fresher?.Drug Test Anal. 2013; 5: 62-67
- Potency trends of Δ9-THC and other cannabinoids in confiscated cannabis preparations from 1993 to 2008.J Forensic Sci. 2010; 55: 1209-1217
- Quantification and comparison of marijuana smoking practices: blunts, joints, and pipes.Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011; 113: 249-251
- ACOG Committee opinion No. 422: at-risk drinking and illicit drug use: ethical issues in obstetric and gynecologic practice.Obstet Gynecol. 2008; 2008: 1449-1460
- ACOG Committee opinion No. 473: substance abuse reporting and pregnancy: the role of the obstetrician-gynecologist.Obstet Gynecol. 2011; 117: 200-201
- ACOG committee opinion no. 524: opioid abuse, dependence, and addition in pregnancy.Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 119: 1070-1076
- Public policy statement on women, alcohol and other drugs, and pregnancy.American Society of Addiction Medicine, Chevy Chase (MD)2011
- Improving screening for alcohol use during pregnancy: the Massachusetts asap program.Matern Child Health J. 2004; 8: 137-147
- Integrated 5 P’s screening tool.Massachusetts Health Quality Partners, Watertown (MA)2005
- Prenatal substance abuse: short- and long-term effects on the exposed fetus.Pediatrics. 2013; 131: e1009-e1024
- State policies in brief: substance abuse during pregnancy (as of may 2014).Guttmacher Institute, New York2014
- Pregnancy, breast-feeding, and marijuana: a review article.Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2013; 68: 710-718
- Cannabis, the pregnant woman and her child: weeding out the myths.J Perinatol. 2014; 34: 417-424
- Cannabinoids and prefrontal cortical function: insights from preclinical studies.Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2006; 30: 680-695
- Cannabis and the developing brain: insights from behavior.Eur J Pharmacol. 2008; 585: 441-452
- Neurobiological consequences of maternal cannabis on human fetal development and its neuropsychiatric outcome.Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009; 259: 395-412
- Developmental exposure to cannabinoids causes subtle and enduring neurofunctional alterations.Int Rev Neurobiol. 2009; 85: 117-133
- Isolation, structure, and partial synthesis of an active constituent of hashish.J Am Chem Soc. 1964; 86: 1646-1647
- Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain.Mol Pharmacol. 1988; 34: 605-613
- Competition of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol with estrogen in rat uterine estrogen receptor binding.Science. 1977; 197: 1189-1191
- Endocannabinoid signaling directs differentiation of trophoblast cell lineages and placentation.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010; 107: 16887-16892
- The endocannabinoid system in the postimplantation period: a role during decidualization and placentation.Int J Endocrinol. 2013; 2013: 510540
- The insults of illicit drug use on male fertility.J Androl. 2012; 33: 515-528
- Estrogenic effects of marijuana smoke condensate and cannabinoid compounds.Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006; 214: 270-278
- Endocrine effects of marijuana.J Clin Pharmacol. 2002; 42: 90S-96S
- A prospective study on intrauterine cannabis exposure and fetal blood flow.Early Hum Dev. 2010; 86: 231-236
- Umbilical venous volume flow in the normally developing and growth-restricted human fetus.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2002; 19: 344-349
- Prenatal cannabis exposure and infant outcomes: overview of studies.Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2013; 52: 45-52
- The Ottawa Prenatal Prospective Study (OPPS): methodological issues and findings — it’s easy to throw the baby out with the bath water.Life Sci. 1995; 56: 2159-2168
- The effect of prenatal alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco exposure on neonatal behavior.Infant Behav Dev. 1989; 12: 199-209
- The generation R study: design and cohort profile.Eur J Epidemiol. 2006; 21: 475-484
- Marijuana impairs growth in mid-gestation fetuses.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2005; 27: 221-229
- Intrauterine cannabis exposure affects fetal growth trajectories: the generation r study.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009; 48: 1173-1181
- A comparison of the effects of prenatal exposure to tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and caffeine on birth size and subsequent growth.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1987; 9: 79-85
- Prenatal marijuana use and neonatal outcome.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1991; 13: 329-334
- Birth outcomes associated with cannabis use before and during pregnancy.Pediatr Res. 2012; 71: 215-219
- The maternal lifestyle study: effects of substance exposure during pregnancy on neurodevelopmental outcome in 1-month-old infants.Pediatrics. 2002; 110: 1182-1192
- Low birth weight and preterm births: etiologic fraction attributable to prenatal drug exposure.J Perinatol. 2005; 25: 631-637
- Maternal use of cannabis and pregnancy outcome.BJOG. 2002; 109: 21-27
- Marijuana: prenatal and postnatal exposure in the human.NIDA Res Monogr. 1985; 59: 48-60
- Maternal marijuana use during lactation and infant development at one year.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1990; 12: 161-168
- Maternal medication, drug use, and breastfeeding.Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013; 60: 275-294
- Breastfeeding and the use of human milk.Pediatrics. 2012; 129: e827-e841
- Neonatal behavioural correlates of prenatal exposure to marihuana, cigarettes and alcohol in a low risk population.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1987; 9: 1-7
- Neonatal behavioral assessment scale. Clinics in developmental medicine no. 50.London, UK: Spastics International Medical Publications in association with Heinemann Medical Books and Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1973
- Neonatal neurologic status in a low-risk population after prenatal exposure to cigarettes, marijuana, and alcohol.J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1987; 8: 318-326
- The neurological examination of the full term newborn infant: 2nd Edition. Clinics in developmental medicine no. 63.London, UK: Spastics International Medical Publications in association with Heinemann Medical Books and Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1977
- The effects of prenatal alcohol and marijuana exposure: disturbances in neonatal sleep cycling and arousal.Pediatr Res. 1988; 24: 101-105
- Effects of marijuana use during pregnancy on newborn cry.Child Dev. 1989; 60: 765-771
- Newborn outcomes with maternal marihuana use in Jamaican women.Pediatr Nurs. 1988; 14: 107-110
- Prenatal marijuana exposure and neonatal outcomes in Jamaica: an ethnographic study.Pediatrics. 1994; 93: 254-260
- 12- and 24-month neurobehavioural follow-up of children prenatally exposed to marihuana, cigarettes and alcohol.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1988; 10: 305-313
- 36- and 48-month neurobehavioral follow-up of children prenatally exposed to marijuana, cigarettes and alcohol.J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1990; 11: 49-58
- 60- and 72-month follow-up of children prenatally exposed to marijuana, cigarettes and alcohol: cognitive and language assessment.J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1992; 13: 383-391
- Differential effects on cognitive functioning in 13- to 16-year-olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2003; 25: 427-436
- Prenatal alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco use: infant mental and motor development.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1995; 17: 479-487
- Effect of prenatal marijuana exposure on the cognitive development of offspring at age three.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1994; 16: 169-175
- A longitudinal study of prenatal marijuana use.Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995; 149: 145
- Reading and language in 9- to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marijuana.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1997; 19: 171-183
- Prenatal exposure to alcohol and marijuana: effects on motor development of preschool children.Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996; 20: 455-461
- Effects of prenatal tobacco, alcohol and marijuana exposure on processing speed, visual-motor coordination, and interhemispheric transfer.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2010; 32: 580-588
- Growth from birth to early adolescence in offspring prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marijuana.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1999; 21: 513-525
- Growth and pubertal milestones during adolescence in offspring prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2001; 23: 431-436
- The effects of prenatal tobacco and marijuana use on offspring growth from birth through 3 years of age.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1992; 14: 407-414
- Alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco: effects of prenatal exposure on offspring growth and morphology at age six.Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1994; 18: 786-794
- Alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use among pregnant teenagers: 6-year follow-up of offspring growth effects.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2002; 24: 703-710
- Prenatal marijuana exposure and intelligence test performance at age 6.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008; 47: 254-263
- A follow-up study of attentional behavior in 6-year-old children exposed prenatally to marihuana, cigarettes, and alcohol.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1992; 14: 299-311
- Prenatal substance exposure: effects on attention and impulsivity of 6-year-olds.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1999; 21: 109-118
- Differential effects on cognitive functioning 9- to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1998; 20: 293-306
- Visuoperceptual functioning differs in 9- to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2000; 22: 11-20
- Prenatal alcohol and marijuana exposure: effects on neuropsychological outcomes at 10 years.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2002; 24: 309-320
- Effects of prenatal marijuana exposure on child behavior problems at age 10.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2000; 22: 325-336
- Differential effects on facets of attention in adolescents prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2001; 23: 421-430
- Effects of prenatal marijuana on response inhibition: an fMRI study of young adults.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2004; 26: 533-542
- Effects of prenatal marijuana on visuospatial working memory: an fMRI study in young adults.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2006; 28: 286-295
- Effects of marijuana on visuospatial working memory: an fMRI study in young adults.Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2010; 210: 429-438
- Prenatal exposure to cannabis: a preliminary report of postnatal consequences in school-age children.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1991; 13: 631-639
- Behavioral outcomes in preschool and school-age children exposed prenatally to marijuana: a review and speculative interpretation.NIDA Res Monogr. 1996; 164: 242-260
- Prenatal marijuana and alcohol exposure and academic achievement at age 10.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2004; 26: 521-532
- School achievement in 14-year-old youths prenatally exposed to marijuana.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2012; 34: 161-167
- Prenatal marijuana exposure: effect on child depressive symptoms at ten years of age.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2005; 27: 439-448
- Prenatal marijuana exposure contributes to the prediction of marijuana use at age 14.Addiction. 2006; 101: 1313-1322
- Effects of prenatal cigarette and marijuana exposure on drug use among offspring.Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2005; 27: 267-277
Article info
Publication history
Footnotes
The authors have no conflicts of interest or affiliations with companies that have direct financial interests in the subject matter of this article.